how to formula pig feed ingredients
Principles of Raw Material Selection
First, paying attention to the volume of raw materials to formula pig feed. To meet pigs’ daily nutrient needs, raw material volume must match their digestive capacity. Too much volume limits intake and strains digestion; too little leaves pigs hungry and irritable, hindering growth and development.
Second, should be based on local conditions, the principle of local materials, making full use of local raw material resources.
Third, paying attention to the characteristics of feed ingredients to formula pig feed. Understand raw material characteristics like palatability, toxin content, and risk of pollution or mold. Limit or avoid using materials with poor palatability and toxins, and never use polluted ones.
Fourth, paying attention to the type and amount of raw materials to formula pig feed. Variety of raw materials should be diversified in order to play a variety of nutritional complementarity among raw materials. In pig feed formulation, ensure comprehensive nutrition by balancing protein, amino acids, energy, minerals, and vitamins to meet feeding standards. Use a variety of feeds to enhance nutritional value and control crude fiber content for appropriate feed volume.
Pig feed commonly includes 50%-70% grains like corn and wheat, 10%-20% bran, 15%-20% soy products, 3%-7% animal proteins like fish meal, under 5% grass or leaf meal, 3%-3.5% shell or stone powder, 2%-2.5% bone meal, and under 0.5% salt.
Types of Pig Feed Ingredients
- Energy type Energy pig feed has less than 18% crude fiber and under 20% crude protein in dry matter. Formulate pig feed with grains like barley, corn, wheat, millet, rice, and various brans. These provide high energy, less crude fiber, and good palatability.
- Roughage type Roughage type pig feed ingredients mainly include hay, straw, leaves, grass flour, agricultural by-products, and leaves, etc. Generally, air-dried feeds have lower nutritional value compared to other feeds.
- Protein type Protein pig feeds, with low water and over 20% protein, include plant or animal proteins. Use soybean, soybean cake, peanut cake, and rapeseed cake in formulas. Animal protein feeds: cicada pupae, fish and shrimp meal, meat meal, dairy products, etc.
- Mineral type Include vitamins A, B, D, etc., in pig feed formulations to enhance metabolism. Mineral feeds, vital for growth, should contain calcium carbonate, copper sulfate, salt, potassium iodide, and other minerals in appropriate amounts.
Ingredients for Pig Feed Formulation for Different Stages
Pigs with different production purposes and different growth stages have different nutrient requirements. Since feed components vary nutritionally, proportion them scientifically for different pig growth stages.
1. Recipe for small pigs (about 10-20 kg) Corn meal 57%, soybean meal 20%, fish meal 5%, rice bran or wheat bran 15%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, shellac 0.5%, salt 0.35%, premix 1% (containing trace elements, vitamins, non-nutritive additives, etc.) . This pig feed formulation contains digestible energy, 18.4% crude protein, 3.5% crude fiber, 0.73% calcium, 0.682% phosphorus and 0.92% lysine, all indicators meet the nutritional needs of piglet diets, which is a relatively standard piglet feed nutrition formula.
2. Formula for medium-sized pigs (about 20-60 kg) Corn meal 62%, soybean meal 20%, rice bran or wheat bran 15%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.2%, shellac 0.8%, salt 0.35%, premix 1% (containing trace elements, vitamins, non-nutritive additives, etc.) . This pig feed formula, ideal for medium-sized pigs, contains 16% crude protein, 3180 kcal/kg energy, 3.8% crude fiber, 0.656% calcium, 0.577% phosphorus, and 0.74% lysine, matching standard nutritional needs. Removing fish meal lowers lysine by 0.01%, slightly below the 0.75% standard requirement. However, the correlation is not significant and can be ignored.
3. Formulation for large pigs (about 60 to 90 kg or more) Corn meal 70%, soybean meal 15%, rice bran or wheat bran 12%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.0%, shellac 0.8%, salt 0.35%, premix (containing trace elements, vitamins, non-nutritive additives, etc.) 1%. This pig feed formula has 14% crude protein, 3240 calories/kg digestible energy, 3.7% crude fiber, 0.60% calcium, 0.535% phosphorus, 0.65% lysine, all indicators can meet the nutritional needs of large pigs’ diet, and it is not too high, it is a relatively standard nutrition formula for large pigs’ feed. However, lysine is only 0.02% more than 0.63% of the feeding standard.
